Dar es Salaam. Mamlaka ya Hali ya Hewa Tanzania (TMA) imetoa taarifa kuhusu hali ya joto katika maeneo mbalimbali nchini, ikisema vipindi vya ongezeko la joto vinatarajiwa kuendelea kujitokeza Februari 2025, hususan maeneo ambayo msimu wa mvua za vuli umeisha.
TMA, katika taarifa ya jana, Februari 12, 2025, imeeleza katika miezi ya hivi karibuni kumekuwa na ongezeko la joto katika baadhi ya maeneo nchini, hususan yanayopata misimu miwili ya mvua kwa mwaka.
“Hali hii imesababishwa na kusogea kwa jua la utosi sambamba na upungufu wa mvua unaojitokeza katika maeneo hayo. Kwa kawaida, vipindi vya jua la utosi nchini hufikia kilele mwishoni mwa Novemba wakati jua la utosi likiwa linaelekea kusini (Tropiki ya Kaprikoni) na hali hiyo hujirudia Februari wakati jua la utosi likiwa linaelekea kaskazini (Tropiki ya Kansa).
“Jua la utosi huambatana na hali ya ongezeko la joto kwa sababu uso wa dunia katika eneo tajwa huwa karibu zaidi na jua kuliko maeneo mengine,” imeeleza taarifa ya TMA kwa umma.
Mamlaka hiyo imeeleza kuwa katika kipindi cha Februari 2025, hali ya ongezeko la joto imeendelea kujitokeza katika baadhi ya maeneo nchini, ikielezwa hadi Februari 11, 2025, kituo cha hali ya hewa cha Mlingano, mkoani Tanga, kiliripoti kiwango cha juu zaidi cha nyuzijoto 36.0 sentigredi Februari 5, ikiwa ni ongezeko la nyuzijoto 2.1 sentigredi ukilinganisha na wastani wa muda mrefu kwa Februari.
“Kituo cha hali ya hewa kilichopo Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere, Dar es Salaam, kiliripoti kiwango cha juu cha nyuzijoto 35.0 sentigredi Februari mosi, 2025 (ongezeko la nyuzi joto 2.2 sentigredi),” imeeleza TMA.
Mamlaka imeeleza kituo cha Tanga kiliripoti nyuzijoto 35.1 sentigredi Februari 10 (ongezeko la nyuzijoto 2.3°C), Kibaha nyuzijoto 35.8°C Februari 10 (ongezeko la nyuzi joto 3.0°C), na Kilimanjaro nyuzijoto 34.3°C Februari 9, 2025 (ongezeko la nyuzijoto 0.6°C).
“Ongezeko la unyevu angani katika kipindi hiki linalosababishwa na mvuke wa bahari, hususan katika maeneo ya ukanda wa pwani na maeneo jirani, limechangia pia mwili kuhisi joto zaidi ya viwango vinavyoripotiwa,” imeeleza taarifa hiyo.
TMA imeeleza kuwa vipindi vya ongezeko la joto vinatarajiwa kuendelea kujitokeza Februari 2025 hususan maeneo ambayo msimu wa mvua za vuli umeisha.
Machi 2024, TMA ilieleza tathimini ya kitaalamu iliyofanywa ilionyesha wastani wa ongezeko la joto kwa mwaka 2023 ulikuwa nyuzi joto moja ya sentigredi, kiwango kilichovunja rekodi na kuandika historia ya kuwa mwaka wenye joto zaidi.
Kwa mujibu wa TMA, ongezeko hilo halikuwa kwa Tanzania pekee, kwani taarifa zinaonyesha wastani wa ongezeko la joto la dunia mwaka 2023 ulifikia nyuzi joto 1.40 za sentigredi na kuufanya kuwa mwaka wenye joto zaidi katika historia.
Hali hiyo inaelezwa ilichangiwa na uwepo wa El Nino (mfumo wa hali ya hewa unaosababishwa na ongezeko la joto la bahari katika eneo la kati la Kitropiki kwenye Bahari ya Pasifiki) na mabadiliko ya tabianchi.
Akizungumza na Mwananchi wakati huo, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa TMA, Dk Ladislaus Chang’a, alisema kiwango hicho cha joto kimepatikana baada ya kukokotoa wastani wa nyuzi joto katika kipindi cha miezi 12 na kuthibitika ongezeko la nyuzi joto 1.0, kiwango ambacho hakijawahi kurekodiwa nchini.
“Unapozungumzia wastani ni mjumuisho wa muda mrefu, baada ya kurekodi kiwango cha joto cha mwaka mzima ndipo tulipopata ongezeko la nyuzi joto 1.0, kiwango ambacho hakijawahi kurekodiwa. Ndiyo maana tunasema mwaka 2023 umevunja rekodi,” alisema.
Alisema kwa miaka ya nyuma walikuwa wakirekodi chini ya hapo, akitoa mfano mwaka 2022 ilikuwa nyuzi joto 0.5. Vingine vilivyorekodiwa kwa miaka mingine ni 0.3, 0.6, na 0.7.
Kwa upande wa viwango vya dunia, alisema wastani wa nyuzi joto 1.2 sentigredi kilirekodiwa mwaka 2022, na mwaka 2021 ilikuwa 1.1.
Kwa mujibu wa madaktari waliowahi kuzungumza na Mwananchi, ili kujiweka salama kwa kuwa mwili hupoteza maji mengi kupitia jasho, unywaji wa maji ni muhimu.
Pia inashauriwa kuacha kufanya shughuli kwenye joto na jua kali na kuepuka kutumia mafuta mazito ya kupaka mwilini.
Kutokana na joto kali, watoto wanaelezwa wanaweza kuathiriwa zaidi kwa kuwa ngozi zao ni laini, hivyo ni rahisi kupata vipele, ngozi kuwasha au matatizo mengine ya ngozi. Hivyo inashauriwa kuvaa mavazi mepesi.
Kutokana na joto kali, mwili hupoteza maji na madini chumvi, hali inayoweza kusababisha misuli kukakamaa na kiharusi kinachotokana na joto kali.
Joto kali linaelezwa na wataalamu linaweza kuwaathiri zaidi wazee, watoto, wanene kupita kiasi, na watu wenye magonjwa ya kudumu kama vile ya upumuaji na moyo.
Source: mwananchi.co.tz
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Inside Tanzania’s Life-Saving Birthcare Model
Tanzania is winning the battle against maternal and newborn deaths, as the latest numbers reveal a significant decline.
“Tanzania is committed to reducing maternal and newborn mortality and ensuring safe deliveries as part of the national development plan. The Safer Births Bundle of Care is one of the key strategies supporting this effort,” said Dr. Benjamin Kamala, the Senior Research Scientist at Haydom Lutheran Hospital and Principal Investigator for the program, leading its implementation across five regions in Tanzania.
A groundbreaking study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that the innovative health program in Tanzania – centered on regular, on-the-job training for healthcare workers – reduced maternal deaths by 75% and early newborn deaths by 40%. The three-year study, conducted across 30 high-burden healthcare facilities in Tanzania, tracked approximately 300,000 mother-baby pairs under the Safer Births Bundle of Care (SBBC) programme. The programme focuses on improving care for mothers and babies during the day of birth, the critical time when a woman goes into labor and delivers her baby.
Maternal health is a key focus of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically Target 3.1, which aims to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to fewer than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030.
Tanzania’s program combines continuous, simulation-based training for frontline healthcare workers alongside innovative clinical tools to improve labour monitoring (fetal heart rate monitoring) and newborn resuscitation.It also uses data to drive ongoing improvements, ensuring that healthcare workers have the skills, confidence, and competence to manage birth-related complications for both mothers and newborns.
“We work closely with healthcare workers, equipping them with the necessary tools to improve the quality of care, ensuring they can effectively manage both mothers and babies during and after childbirth,” Dr. Kamala said, which helps them build on over a decade of innovative research and collaboration to improve care during childbirth.
“To give you a sense of the scale of the burden of maternal and newborn mortality in Tanzania when the Safer Births Bundles of Care program was in early development in 2015/16, there were around 556 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and 25 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births,” he said.
The published study demonstrates the “transformative impact” of the Safer Births Bundle of Care program conducted across 30 hospitals in five high-burden regions of Tanzania, where there were about 300,000 mother-baby pairs.
Maternal deaths at the start of the program were recorded at 240 per 100,000 live births, with postpartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders being the leading causes of death, he said. Over the 24-month study period, this number dropped to approximately 60 per 100,000 live births, representing a 75% reduction. The number of newborn deaths – which are primarily due to breathing difficulties and complications related to prematurity – declined by 40% – from 7 deaths per 1,000 live births to 4 deaths per 1,000 live births.
“These results are remarkable,” Dr. Kamala said.
According to Dr. Kamala, the 75% reduction in maternal deaths was not expected, and a key lesson was the important role of the in-situ team simulations – including for postpartum bleeding – with reflective debriefings that trained facilitators led.
“This seems to be a major part of the success of the program,” he said. “We are delighted by these results and hope that other countries adopt and scale the Safer Births Bundle of Care program… Beyond the numbers, the Safer Births Bundle of Care program has fostered a dramatic culture shift in our healthcare system,” he said. “Healthcare workers are now more confident and better equipped to handle birth-related complications for both mothers and babies.”
Maternal death drop
Dr. Kamala attributed the 60-70% reduction in newborn deaths in Geita and Manyara to several factors.
“Firstly, Manyara was the first site for implementation, giving the region more time to adapt and experience the impact of the program. Most importantly, both regions had a high burden of stillbirths and neonatal deaths, making them ideal targets for focused intervention. As a result, newborn deaths decreased by 60-70%, showcasing a clear positive impact on newborn survival,” he said.
Dr. Kamala said another possible explanation is the differences in the culture of practices, where some health facilities reported inaccurate data due to the fear of blame and shame. However, with the project’s implementation, reporting became more accurate after mplementation. Some regions, such as Tabora, reported an increase in the number of referrals to the study hospitals from other care centers after the program was implemented. These were more likely to be late admissions, which increase the likelihood of poor health outcomes, he said.
After the implementation of the program, there was a 40% decrease in newborn deaths within the first 24 hours after birth, according to the study.
Dr. Kamala said Tanzania’s remarkable progress in reducing maternal mortality by 80% is driven by strategic investments and innovative programs focused on improving maternal and child survival rates.
“Over 2,000 new healthcare facilities have been developed, free health services are being provided to expectant mothers and children under the age of five, and emergency obstetric care – including better transport to hospitals in rural areas are helping to ensure timely, life-saving interventions.
“Most importantly, the Ministry of Health works in collaboration with healthcare workers, hospitals, and development partners to strengthen the skills of frontline healthcare workers, which has been a key factor in driving this progress.
“Political leadership, alongside strategic partnerships and financing, has been crucial in driving progress in maternal and newborn health,” he said.
The program was made possible by the support of the Global Financing Facility for Women, Children, and Adolescents, Norad, UNICEF, and Laerdal Global Health, as well as the Ministry of Health and Haydom Lutheran Hospital. Their partnership and investment enabled the scaling of the Safer Births Bundle of Care to 30 hospitals and supported the research. “The government has now scaled the program to over 150 sites, and there are plans for further expansion to three regions this year and then nationally,” he said.
Dr. Kamala outlined key policy recommendations for other governments can adopt to prioritize maternal health.
“Firstly, it focuses on cost-effective and relatively simple interventions that are essential to preventing maternal and newborn deaths. For example, stronger primary healthcare that is delivered in the community and a well-trained healthcare workforce are also critical. Additionally, working in close collaboration with national, regional, and local health authorities is key.”
He said Tanzania’s approach, where the Safer Births Bundle of Care program was successfully scaled and sustained by aligning the initiative with national guidelines for obstetrical and newborn care. In addition, the creation of mentorship programs and regular supervision has helped to sustain the results.
Looking ahead
Tanzania now plans to expand to three new regions in 2025, followed by a nationwide rollout.
The success of the program has attracted interest from other countries, with Botswana, Ethiopia, Lesotho, and Namibia expressing interest in adapting the program to their healthcare system. In Nigeria, the program has already been launched in two states, Gombe and Borno, marking a significant step in its scaling.
Source: allafrica.com
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